This list is not meant to be comprehensive, but it's a good start to any large-scale decking project. If you'd rather not read, here's a simple chart to help you choose.
Appearance: showcase or background?
This is where I often begin a discussion with a customer. Do you want your deck to be the first thing people see and admire? Or will your deck blend into the surroundings, with other features more prominent?
For a "showcase" deck, expensive hardwoods or high-end manufactured decking are
beautiful options. For a deck that "blends in," any wood left to gray naturally or single-color manufactured decking works well.
Wood or wood alternative?
Choosing between wood and wood alternatives (PVC and capped-composite) is not only a matter of cost.
Wood can be soft and often cooler to the touch. There are both low- and high-maintenance wood options, and wood can meet the needs of both a showcase deck and a deck that blends into the background. Wood decking choices include knotty cedar, clear cedar, thermally modified lumber, and various plantation-grown tropical hardwoods.
Manufactured decking can be smooth and easy to clean and while there are options for both showcase and blend-in decks, it can also get hot, especially in dark colors that receive direct sunshine. There are limited options for manufactured decking that have been designed to stay cooler.
Go green?
There are many goals to consider when pursuing the best environmental choice for decking, but it's really hard to beat sustainably grown and harvested softwood lumber from the Pacific Northwest.
Whether western red cedar decking or treated western hemlock framing lumber, strict state and federal regulations ensure the healthiest forests on the planet, including careful guarding of streams, wildlife, road-building, and the replanting of five trees for every one harvested. In most cases, lumber in the Northwest is manufactured with close to zero pollution and with net electricity added back into the grid.
If you consider the oxygen produced by young forests and the carbon dioxide sequestered in the lumber (practically 100% of its mass), wood is a smart green option!
If for whatever reason wood is not the right choice for your deck, manufactured decking can be a great green alternative. Capped-composite decking has a polymer shell protecting a composite core made from wood fiber captured in various manufacturing processes, and plastics from multiple sources; many of which are recycled.
Maintenance
All decks require some level of maintenance, but there's a broad scope to the amount of maintenance required.
Hardwoods vs. softwoods
This is the intersection of showcase and high-maintenance decking. If you love refinishing your classic Chris Craft ski boat, you'll love maintaining a gorgeous hardwood showcase deck. In the Pacific Northwest, that's at least once a year—preferably twice—and includes cleaning and refinishing with periodic light sanding.
With softwoods, you have a choice of materials. If you want the wood to keep its original color and finish, it's going to require the same maintenance and gentle treatment. On the other hand, if you like the feel of wood, don't mind a gray color, and aren't interested in "maintaining a vintage yacht," you can lightly clean the wood yearly and let nature take its course with the color.
Capped-Composite and PVC
If you choose a high-end PVC or capped-composite with multi-chromatic color, you're going to want to clean it at least once a year—especially in a climate like Seattle, with all of our moss and pollen. The good news is that no additional treatment is needed, although pretreating with a compatible cleaning product can hugely reduce your cleaning needs.
The lowest maintenance requirement comes from a single-color PVC or capped-composite that blends into the background. You will need to follow the manufacturer’s recommended cleaning guidelines, but depending on your environment (the presence of trees, shade, needles, and pollen) you may be able to minimize the frequency of cleaning.
How to choose a fastener
If you're a contractor building hundreds of homes a year (with wood decks), moving from city to city, and cost is everything, then face-nailing is your best, most economical bet.
Face-screwing is a good option if you don't mind the pattern of dots. The best practice would be to use stainless screws with a color-matched head. Color-matched ceramic-coated screws are an option but could lead to small amounts of rust if the coating fails over time. Anything but stainless fasteners in cedar or hardwood will certainly result in black staining due to extractive bleeding of tannins.
Hidden fasteners are definitely the best option when you want a clean, finished appearance of PVC or capped-composite decking, but they are more costly and you need to choose a system approved by the manufacturer of your decking product. Hidden fasteners with wood decking need more careful consideration, so I recommend talking to a Dunn Lumber decking specialist for their recommendation.
Decking for your unique space
The location of your deck matters, and when choosing a deck surface, you must consider the environment. The Pacific Northwest is known for moisture and shade, and those produce moss and mushrooms in abundance. If you add leaves and needles to the mix, you're just asking for rot and decay.
Southwest exposure, without shade
Rather than moss, your challenge is UV radiation and heat. You may still experience an accumulation of pollen or road dirt but you're not going to be fighting things growing nearly as much. If you prefer wood that blends into the background, this is a decent environment. Wood will gray out well and rot won't be much of an issue. Be careful of dark-colored PVC or capped-composites. These will get hot in direct exposure.
Northeast exposure, with shade
This is the opposite extreme. The Pacific Northwest is known for moisture and shade, and those produce an abundance of moss and mushrooms. If you add leaves and needles to the mix, you're just asking for rot and decay. In this scenario, your challenge with be keeping your deck from reverting to the natural environment of moss and mushrooms. Your best choice is an easy-to-clean PVC or capped-composite—and then plan to clean it often.
Partial sun and shade
Depending on the dryness of your environment, this is likely the easiest deck to maintain. A dry shady area will be free from the extremes of sun and shade and your options are the most varied.
Expected lifetime
Are you looking to enjoy your deck for several decades, or only for a couple seasons? Deck surfaces vary wildly in cost, and although any deck can last a long time if well cared for, some options are more naturally long-lasting than others.
Cedar decks must be well maintained to avoid rot and UV degradation. Hardwood lumber, such as Ipe, properly installed can last a very long time. If you like the natural silver color that comes from bleaching in the sun, Ipe is a low-maintenance choice. Well-maintained, thermally-modified lumber that's properly installed should also provide you with a healthy life span.
Variegated-colored PVC and capped-composites will last a long time, but the appearance requires regular cleaning in response to the environment. Years down the road, the finish might require a little help. Single-color PVC or capped-composite is in one sense the longest-lasting because the appearance is less affected by dirt, pollen, or sunshine; its appearance blends into the natural environment.
Properly installed and maintained manufactured decking will last a very long time. Most of today’s limited warranties from the leading manufacturers range from 25-50 years.
Traffic patterns
If you have heavy traffic, big dogs, or kids and their toys, and you want to maintain the surface appearance, you might want to consider capped-composite products in the “Better” and “Best” categories. These are the most resistant to scratching and gouging. Most importantly, unless your chief aim is low-cost, stay away from softwoods.
Dry living space
For most people in Seattle, space is an issue. The area under your deck can be used for dry storage, an off-season entertainment space, or even an addition to your lower story.
The first option involves catching the rain that filters down through your deck boards and channeling it to the drain field or storm sewer. These systems collect the rainwater that falls through your deck boards and divert it from living areas. The second option is a solid plywood deck covered by GacoDeck. This option allows for a dry outdoor space or an enclosed living area that extends the ground floor. In tight urban environments, this can be a great addition. There are also many professionally installed options for weatherproof decks.
Choosing your deck can be a complicated and confusing process! If you ever have any questions about building, maintaining, or repairing your deck, email me at mikedunn@dunnlumber.com. If you're ready to get started, you can click here to make an appointment with a Dunn Lumber decking expert.
